Internet Infrastructure Review (IIR) Vol.69
May 2026

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• Executive Summary[1MB]
• Periodic Observation Report "SOC Report"[2.3MB]

  We are analyzing the security trends observed by IIJ's SOC in 2025. In addition to traditional threats such as DDoS, phishing, and ransomware, attacks that start with human interaction, such as ClickFix, have increased dramatically. In a world where vulnerabilities are exploited immediately, we are presenting practical results of our research on how to prioritize responses using new indicators such as EPSS, LEV, and SSVC, despite limited resources.

• Focused Research "Overview of PTP for High-Precision Time Synchronization and IIJ’s Problem Solving —RPTP"[3.1MB]

  We discuss PTP (Precision Time Protocol), a high-precision time synchronization technology, and its important role in communication, broadcasting, finance, and power. We also address the challenges associated with it. Traditional PTP requires a closed and stable network, which limits its use in public networks. However, this chapter introduces an approach to achieve practical time synchronization in public networks through the RPTP (Resilient PTP) initiative involving IIJ.

• Focused Research "IP over DWDM"[1.6MB]

  This article explains the commercial deployment of IP over DWDM as part of the evolution of the IIJ backbone to accommodate increasing traffic. We conducted interoperability testing between vendors based on the 400ZR standard and verified compatibility with existing environments. Through the deployment at our new core site in Osaka, we confirmed benefits such as cost reduction, shorter lead times, improved operational efficiency, and enhanced scalability. In this issue, we introduce the pressing challenges in Internet infrastructure technology and IIJ’s practical initiatives to address them.