Internet Infrastructure Review (IIR) Vol.18
February 2013

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• Executive Summary[2.61MB]
• Infrastructure Security "Tor Technology"[2.96MB]

  In this report we discuss the Tor system used for anonymous communications, look at the Citadel variant of the ZeuS malware that was used to attack users of Japanese fi nancial institutions in the latter half of last year,and examine a spate of issues affecting protocols and implementations that use cryptographic technology.

• Messaging Technology "The Background and Characteristics of Email Authentication Technology"[2.62MB]

  In this report we will present an overview of spam trends for week 40 through week 52 of 2012. Spam ratios have once again started to decline after a recent period of little change, with a drop of 5.6% since the last report, and a decrease of 6.3% compared to the same period the previous year. However, as mentioned in this report, security threats resulting from spam such as phishing attacks targeting Japanese users are becoming more serious.

• Cloud Computing Technology "Initiatives toward Moving Access Networks for Implementing Large-Scale Content Distribution Infrastructure into the Cloud"[2.58MB]

  Here we introduce initiatives aimed at moving access networks into the cloud conducted in collaboration between RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, and IIJ as part of research sponsored by the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology.